Ever since the ‘Limits to Growth’ report in the early 1970s, there has been a long-standing tension within green political economy and the politics of sustainability between those who claim a sustainable economy is necessarily a non-growing ‘steady state’ one, and those who hold that technological innovation can ensure a growing economy with reduced ecological, energy, resource and pollution impacts. This lecture will explore some of the scientific and normative issues, concepts and political strategic considerations of the range of positions on this continuum from modern ‘decroissance/degrowth’ arguments to debates about ‘green growth’ (greening business as usual) and ‘greening growth’ (differentiating economic growth). It will also consider the larger issue of whether from global and distributive justice and global sustainability points of view; it is time to seriously question the objective of undifferentiated, GDP-measured economic growth as a permanent feature of the economy within the ‘minority’ high-consumption world.